Registered Physicians
of Ohio County - 1890
1. William H. Swearinger, place of birth, Bullitt county,
graduated from University of Louisville , 1888.
2. B. L. Boyd, born in Logan county, Ky., graduated from University Louisville, 1888.
3. M. W. Duvall, born in Muhlenberg county, Ky., authority for practicing, a certificate of recommendation from Dr. J. E. Pendleton, dated June 1st, 1889.
4. J. M, McCarty, born in Ohio county, graduated from Louisville Medical College, 1876.
5. A. B. Baird, born in Ohio county, graduated from Jefferson Medical College, 1880.
6. J. T. Miller, born in Ohio county, graduated from Jefferson Medical College, 1871.
7. John S. Smith, born in Pennsylvania, certificate from local board, Owensboro, dated March 17, 1886.
8. L. T. Cox, born in Ohio county, graduated from Louisville Medical College, 1886.
9. Henry F. Bean, born in Ohio county, graduated from University of Louisville, 1876.
10. G. Mitchell, born in Hancock county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1877.
11. S. D. Taylor, born in Warren county, Ky., graduated from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
12. N. G. Mothershead, born in Scott county, Ky., graduated from Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, 1879.
13. J. J. Mitchell, born in Hancock county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1875.
14. David S. Cooper, born in Spencer county, Ky., Botanic system, began practice in I838.
15. J. G. Hendricks, born in Meade county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1868.
16. J. W. Patton, born in Daviess county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1875.
17. Joel H. Roach, born in Ohio county, began practice in 1853.
18. J. S. Morton, born in Ohio county, graduated from University of Louisville, 1850.
19. S. J. Wedding, born in Ohio county, graduated from University of Louisville, 1881.
20. Isaac Sanders, born in Hancock county, Ky., began practice ten years previous to act of 1874.
21. B. N. Patterson, born in Logan county, Ky., began practice ten years previous to act of 1874.
22. C. W. Layton, born in Daviess county, Ky., graduated from Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1873.
23. J. W. Taylor, born in Butler county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1875.
24. Eugene B. Pendleton, born in Ohio county, graduated from University of Louisville, 1889.
25. H. S. (William Henry Smith) Crabb, born in Warren county, Ky., graduated from Central University, Louisville, 1885.
26. J. E. Pendleton, born in Washington county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1854.
27. J. M. Everly, born in Muhlenberg county, Ky., Elective system, ten years practice previous to act of 1874.
28. C. E. Cotrell, born in Shelby county, Ky., certificate by State Board of Medical Examiners.
29. J. D. Howell, born in Hardin county, Ky., graduated from Louisville Medical College, 1889.
30. Robt. L. Ford, born in Muhlenberg county, Ky., certificate issued by Medical Board of Examiners.
31. Isaac Westerfield, born in Ohio county, began practice in 1848.
32. Joseph Jett, born in Daviess county, Ky., ten years practice previous to Act of 1874.
33. H. L. King, born in Muhlenberg county, Ky., graduated from University of Louisville, 1885.
34. W. C. Hedden, born in Illinois, began practice in 1872.
35. E. H. Whittinghill, born in Ohio county, Electie (sic) system, 29 years practice, having began in 1859.
36. John Dayton Maddox, born in Ohio county, graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1889.
37. S. A. Gillespie, born in Shelby county Ky., began practice in 1859.
38. J. M. Tilford, born in Ohio county, began practice in 1849.
39. B. F. Mitchell, born in Shelby county, Ky., began practice in 1867.
40. Chas. W. Felix, born in Ohio county, graduated from University of Louisville, 1890.
41. George F. Chapman, born in Ohio county, graduated from University of Louisville, 1890.
Source: Hartford Herald
March 26, 1890
In the article above you will note several references above to the Act
of 1874. Prior to 1874 the practice of medicine in Kentucky, and most of the
U.S.A., was unregulated. The condition of the American medical
profession at the close of the Civil War was, in almost
every particular, significantly different from that of today. The profession was, throughout the country,
unlicensed and anyone who had the inclination to set himself up as a
physician could do so, the exigencies of the market alone
determining who would prove successful in the field and who not.
Medical schools abounded, the great bulk of which were privately owned
and operated and the prospective student could gain admission to even
the best of them without great difficulty. With free entry into the profession
possible and education in medicine cheap and readily available, large numbers
of men entered practice.
Because people "are liable to be imposed upon by
charlatans and incompetent physicians and surgeons" and because "it
is of the highest importance that none but persons with competent
qualifications should be allowed to practice a profession to whose skill and
ability the life of an individual is entrusted,” the General Assembly of
Kentucky passed "an act to protect the citizens of this
Commonwealth from empiricism*" on February 23, 1874. The act prohibited
the practice of medicine to anyone "who has not graduated at some
chartered school of medicine in this or some foreign country." Physicians
who had been practicing "regularly and honorably" for ten years were
exempt from this requirement and those practicing for five years were given one
year to comply with its provisions.
The governor was empowered to appoint five-member boards of medical examiners in each of the state's judicial districts to meet annually "to examine all applicants who desire to practice medicine in any of its departments: chemistry, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, surgery, and so much of practical medicine as relates to the nomenclature, history, and symptoms of disease." Persons found in violation of the act were to be fined fifty dollars for the first offense and one hundred dollars for each subsequent offense and imprisoned for thirty days.
The governor was empowered to appoint five-member boards of medical examiners in each of the state's judicial districts to meet annually "to examine all applicants who desire to practice medicine in any of its departments: chemistry, anatomy, physiology, obstetrics, surgery, and so much of practical medicine as relates to the nomenclature, history, and symptoms of disease." Persons found in violation of the act were to be fined fifty dollars for the first offense and one hundred dollars for each subsequent offense and imprisoned for thirty days.
On April 25, 1888, an act was passed amending the act of
1874, by repealing those sections creating ”the board of medical examiners” and
authorizing an examination of applicants and certificate of qualification. And
instead thereof it was provided by Section 3 of the act of 1888 that thereafter
authority to practice medicine in this State shall be a diploma from a medical
school legally chartered under laws of this State, or 2nd, a diploma from a
reputable and legally chartered medical school of some other State or country;
or 3rd, an affidavit from the person claiming the same that such person is
exempt from obtaining a diploma under Section 2 of the act of 1874 and stating
where he has practiced.
By Section 1 of the act of 1888 it was made the duty of
the county court of each county to purchase a book of suitable size, to be
known as the “medical register” of the county, and to set apart one full page
for the registration of each physician. And by Section 2 it is made unlawful
for any person to practice medicine in any of its brandies in this State who
has not exhibited and registered in the county clerk's office his authority for
so practicing.
* Empiricism: The theory that all knowledge is derived from
sense-experience.
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